No State may impose levies or duties on imports or exports without the consent of Congress, unless this is absolutely necessary for the enforcement of its inspection laws: and the net production of all duties and charges levied by a State on imports or exports shall be for the use of the United States Treasury; and all such laws are subject to scrutiny and scrutiny by Congress. However, at the time of the election of the President, the votes shall be cast by the States, the representation of each State having one vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of one or more members of two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all States shall be required for an election. And if the House of Representatives does not elect a president every time the right to vote is transferred to it, before the fourth of March next year, then the vice president acts as president, as in the event of the death or other constitutional obstruction of the president – the person who has the most votes as vice president is the vice president, if that number is a majority of the total number of electors appointed and no one has a majority, the Senate shall elect the Vice-President from among the two largest numbers on the list; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the total number of senators, and a majority of the total number shall be required for an election. But no person who is constitutionally eligible for the office of President is entitled to the office of Vice President of the United States. In the event of the removal of the President or the death, resignation or inability to exercise the powers and functions of such office, it shall be transmitted to the Vice-President, and Congress may, by law, provide for the dismissal, death, resignation or incapacity of the President and the Vice-President. explain which officer then acts as chair, and that officer acts accordingly until the disability is revoked or a chair is elected. This paragraph requires each State to treat the citizens of a State equally. Samuel F., Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Miller wrote in 1873 that the sole purpose of this paragraph was “to explain to the various states that whatever these rights are, how you grant or establish them to your own citizens, or if you restrict or qualify or restrict their exercise, the same thing, no more and no less, shall be the measure of the rights of the citizens of other states within your jurisdiction.” A political crisis in Rhode Island in the 1840s, the Dorr Rebellion, forced the Supreme Court to rule on the meaning of this clause. At the time, the Rhode Island Constitution was the old royal charter introduced in the 17th century.
In the 1840s, only 40% of the free white men in the state had the right to vote. An attempt to hold a popular convention to write a new constitution was declared an uprising by the Charter government, and congressional leaders were arrested. One of them filed a lawsuit in federal court, arguing that the Rhode Island government had no “republican” character and that his arrest (along with all other government actions) was invalid. In Luther v. Borden,[19] the Court ruled that determining whether a state government is a legitimate republican form, as guaranteed by the Constitution, is a political issue to be resolved by Congress. In fact, the court concluded that the clause was not justiciable. The motives of the governor who requested extradition should not be questioned. The accused cannot defend himself against charges laid in the State of extradition; The refugee must do so in the receiving State. However, the accused may prevent extradition by providing clear evidence that he was not in the State from which he or she allegedly fled at the time of the crime.
[3] There is no constitutional requirement that extradited refugees be brought to justice only for the offences mentioned in the extradition proceedings. Section 4 of the United States Constitution deals with the roles and responsibilities of individual states. It was a subject of great importance when it was written, given the growing power enjoyed by states in the run-up to the civil war. Article 4 of the Constitution protects citizens and states through the federal government. Section 1. The term of office of the President and the Vice-President shall end on 20 January at noon and that of Senators and Deputies at noon on 3 January of the years in which such terms would have ended had this Article not been ratified; then the mandates of their successors begin. Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and the majority of the principal leaders of the executive divisions or of any other body provided by law by Congress submit their written declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives that the President is unable to exercise the powers and duties of his office, the Vice-President, as Acting President, shall immediately exercise the powers and duties of the office. .
